Transfusion Medicine Reviews
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 62-71 , January 2009

Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host Disease

  • Heiko Rühl
    • ,
  • Gregor Bein
    • ,
  • Ulrich J.H. Sachs

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Ulrich J.H. Sachs, MD, PhD, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Langhansstr. 7, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

References 

  1. Lee TH, Donegan E, Slichter S, et al. Transient increase in circulating donor leukocytes after allogeneic transfusions in immunocompetent recipients compatible with donor cell proliferation. Blood. 1995;85:1207–1214
  2. Ferrara JL, Reddy P. Pathophysiology of graft-versus-host disease. Semin Hematol. 2006;43:3–10
  3. Ferrara JL, Yanik G. Acute graft versus host disease: Pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention strategies. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2005;3:415–419
  4. Vogelsang GB. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in nonimmunocompromised hosts. Transfusion. 1990;30:101–103
  5. Nishimura M, Uchida S, Mitsunaga S, et al. Characterization of T-cell clones derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: Fas-mediated killing by CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell clones and tumor necrosis factor beta production by CD4+ T-cell clones.. Blood. 1997;89:1440–1445
  6. Nishimura M, Uchida S, Mitsunaga S, et al. Identification of HLA class II antigens as the targets of effector clones which may cause transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Transfus Med. 1997;7:89–94
  7. Vogelsang GB, Hess AD. Graft-versus-host disease: New directions for a persistent problem. Blood. 1994;84:2061–2067
  8. Nishimura M, Uchida S, Mitsunaga S, et al. Evidence of involvement of cytotoxic antibodies directed against patients's HLA class II produced by transfused donor-derived B cells in post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol. 1996;92:1011–1013
  9. Ohto H, Yasuda H, Noguchi M, et al. Risk of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease as a result of directed donations from relatives. Transfusion. 1992;32:691–693
  10. Ohto H, Anderson KC. Survey of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in immunocompetent recipients. Transfus Med Rev. 1996;10:31–43
  11. Ohto H, Anderson KC. Posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease in Japanese newborns. Transfusion. 1996;36:117–123
  12. Juji T, Takahashi K, Shibata Y, et al. Post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease in immunocompetent patients after cardiac surgery in Japan. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:56
  13. Anderson KC, Weinstein HJ. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:315–321
  14. Greenbaum BH. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: Historical perspectives, incidence, and current use of irradiated blood products. J Clin Oncol. 1991;9:1889–1902
  15. Schroeder ML. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol. 2002;117:275–287
  16. Thaler M, Shamiss A, Orgad S, et al. The role of blood from HLA-homozygous donors in fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease after open-heart surgery. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:25–28
  17. Petz LD, Calhoun L, Yam P, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in immunocompetent patients: Report of a fatal case associated with transfusion of blood from a second-degree relative, and a survey of predisposing factors. Transfusion. 1993;33:742–750
  18. Aoun E, Shamseddine A, Chehal A, et al. Transfusion-associated GvHD: 10 years' experience at the American University of Beirut-Medical Center. Transfusion. 2003;43:1672–1676
  19. Serefhanoglu K, Turan H, Saba T, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in an immunocompetent individual following cardiac surgery. J Natl Med Assoc. 2005;97:418–420
  20. Aybey B, Coskun D, Aytac J. Transfusion associated graft versus host disease following cardiovascular surgery. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2006;40:103–107
  21. Sohi I, Jacob S. Transfusion associated GvHD. Indian J Pediatr. 2005;72:533–535
  22. Wagner FF, Flegel WA. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: Risk due to homozygous HLA-haplotypes. Transfusion. 1995;35:284–291
  23. Benson K, Marks AR, Marshall MJ, et al. Fatal graft-versus-host disease associated with transfusions of HLA-matched, HLA-homozygous platelets from unrelated donors. Transfusion. 1994;34:432–437
  24. Kita T, Nei J, Matsu T, et al. GvHD after transfusion of stored RBC concentrates in a solution of mannitol, adenine, phosphate, citrate, glucose, and NaCl following trauma. Transfusion. 2000;40:297–301
  25. O'Connor NT, Mackintosh P. Transfusion associated graft versus host disease in an immunocompetent patient. J Clin Pathol. 1992;45:621–622
  26. Triulzi D, Duquesnoy R, Nichols L, et al. Fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in an immunocompetent recipient of a volunteer unit of red cells. Transfusion. 2006;46:885–888
  27. Gorman TE, Julius CJ, Barth RF, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease. A fatal case caused by blood from an unrelated HLA homozygous donor. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000;113:732–737
  28. Shivdasani RA, Anderson KC. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: Scratching the surface. Transfusion. 1993;33:696–697
  29. Sanders MR, Graeber JE. Posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease in infancy. J Pediatr. 1990;117:159–163
  30. Perkins HA. Granulocyte concentrates: Should they be routinely irradiated?. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1981;65:49–57
  31. Ford JM, Cullen MH, Lucey JJ, et al. Fatal graft-versus-host disease following transfusion of granulocytes from normal donors. Lancet. 1976;2:1167–1169
  32. Weiden P. Graft-v-host disease following blood transfusions. Arch Intern Med. 1984;144:1557–1558
  33. Weiden PL, Zuckerman N, Hansen JA, et al. Fatal graft-versus-host disease in a patient with lymphoblastic leukemia following normal granulocyte transfusion. Blood. 1981;57:328–332
  34. Schmidmeier W, Feil W, Gebhart W, et al. Fatal graft-versus-host reaction following granulocyte transfusions. Blut. 1982;45:115–119
  35. Tolbert B, Kaufman CE, Burgdorf WH, et al. Graft-versus-host disease from leukocyte transfusions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;9:416–419
  36. Naiman JL, Punnett HH, Lischner HW, et al. Possible graft-versus-host reaction after intrauterine transfusion for Rh erythroblastosis fetalis. N Engl J Med. 1969;281:697–701
  37. Parkman R, Mosier D, Umansky I, et al. Graft-versus-host disease after intrauterine and exchange transfusions for hemolytic disease of the newborn. N Engl J Med. 1974;290:359–363
  38. Hentschel R, Broecker EB, Kolde G, et al. Intact survival with transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease proved by human leukocyte antigen typing of lymphocytes in skin biopsy specimens. J Pediatr. 1995;126:61–64
  39. Bohm N, Kleine W, Enzel U. Graft-versus-host disease in two newborns after repeated blood transfusions because of rhesus incompatibility. Beitr Pathol. 1977;160:381–400
  40. Lauer BA, Githens JH, Hayward AR, et al. Probable graft-vs-graft reaction in an infant after exchange transfusion and marrow transplantation. Pediatrics. 1982;70:43–47
  41. Seemayer TA, Bolande RP. Thymic involution mimicking thymic dysplasia: A consequence of transfusion-induced graft versus host disease in a premature infant. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1980;104:141–144
  42. Flidel O, Barak Y, Lifschitz-Mercer B, et al. Graft versus host disease in extremely low birth weight neonate. Pediatrics. 1992;89:689–690
  43. Hathaway WE, Githens JH, Blackburn WR, et al. Aplastic anemia, histiocytosis and erythrodermia in immunologically deficient children. Probable human runt disease. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:953–958
  44. van Royen-Kerkhof A, Wulffraat NM, Kamphuis SS, et al. Nonlethal transfusion associated graft-versus-host disease in a severe combined immunodeficient patient. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003;32:1027–1030
  45. Friedman DF, Kwittken P, Cizman B, et al. DNA-based HLA typing of nonhematopoietic tissue used to select the marrow transplant donor for successful treatment of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1994;1:590–596
  46. Park BH, Good RA, Gate J, et al. Fatal graft-vs.-host reaction following transfusion of allogeneic blood and plasma in infants with combined immunodeficiency disease. Transplant Proc. 1974;6:385–387
  47. Brouard J, Morin M, Borel B, et al. Di George's syndrome complicated by graft versus host reaction. Arch Fr Pediatr. 1985;42:853–855
  48. Wintergerst U, Meyer U, Remberger K, et al. Graft versus host reaction in an infant with DiGeorge syndrome. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1989;137:345–347
  49. Douglas SD, Fudenberg HH. Graft versus host reaction in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: antemortem diagnosis of human GVH in an immunologic deficiency disease. Vox Sang. 1969;16:172–178
  50. Watson HG, McLaren KM, Todd A, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in ataxia telangiectasia. Lancet. 1997;349:179
  51. Strobel S, Morgan G, Simmonds AH, et al. Fatal graft versus host disease after platelet transfusions in a child with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. Eur J Pediatr. 1989;148:312–314
  52. Hathaway WE, Brangle RW, Nelson TL, et al. Aplastic anemia and alymphocytosis in an infant with hypogammaglobulinemia: Graft-versus-host reaction?. J Pediatr. 1966;68:713–722
  53. Thomas ED, Herman EC, Greenough WB, et al. Irradiation and marrow infusion in leukemia. Observations in five patients with acute leukemia treated by whole-body exposures of 1,400 to 2,000 roentgens and infusions of marrow. Arch Intern Med. 1961;107:829–845
  54. Postmus PE, Mulder NH, Elema JD. Graft versus host disease after transfusions of non-irradiated blood cells in patients having received autologous bone marrow. A report of 4 cases following ablative chemotherapy for solid tumors. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol. 1988;24:889–894
  55. von Fliedner VE, Higby DJ, Kim U. Graft-versus-host reaction following blood product transfusion. Am J Med. 1982;72:951–961
  56. Kessinger A, Armitage JO, Klassen LW, et al. Graft versus host disease following transfusion of normal blood products to patients with malignancies. J Surg Oncol. 1987;36:206–209
  57. Decoste SD, Boudreaux C, Dover JS. Transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease in patients with malignancies. Report of two cases and review of the literature. Arch Dermatol. 1990;126:1324–1329
  58. Ekert H, Waters KD, Smith PJ, et al. Treatment with MOPP or ChlVPP chemotherapy only for all stages of childhood Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol. 1988;6:1845–1850
  59. Mathe G, Schwarzenberg L, de Vries MJ, et al. The various aspects of the secondary syndrome complicating allogeneic bone marrow transplantations or leukocyte transfusions in patients suffering from malignant hemopathies. Eur J Cancer. 1965;1:75–113
  60. Groff P, Torhorst J, Speck B, et al. Graft versus host disease, a little known complication of blood transfusion. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1976;106:634–639
  61. Dinsmore RE, Straus DJ, Pollack MS, et al. Fatal graft-versus-host disease following blood transfusion in Hodgkin's disease documented by HLA typing. Blood. 1980;55:831–834
  62. Burns LJ, Westberg MW, Burns CP, et al. Acute graft-versus-host disease resulting from normal donor blood transfusions. Acta Haematol. 1984;71:270–276
  63. Baglin TP, Joysey VC, Horsford J, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in patients with Hodgkin's disease and T cell lymphoma. Transfus Med. 1992;2:195–199
  64. Heim MU, Munker R, Sauer H, et al. Graft versus host disease with fatal outcome after administration of filtered erythrocyte concentrates. Beitr Infusionsther. 1992;30:178–181
  65. Kunstmann E, Bocker T, Roewer L, et al. Diagnosis of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by genetic fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction. Transfusion. 1992;32:766–770
  66. Lillevang ST, Andersen CB, Schmidt KG, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Ugeskr Laeger. 1992;154:2979–2980
  67. Nakamoto T, Nishi S, Shindoh M, et al. A case of graft-versus-host disease following red cell concentrate (MAP-CRC) transfusion. Masui. 1995;44:1261–1264
  68. Spitzer TR, Cahill R, Cottler-Fox M, et al. Transfusion-induced graft-versus-host disease in patients with malignant lymphoma. A case report and review of the literature. Cancer. 1990;66:2346–2349
  69. Tomas Martinez JF, Abad Hernandez MJ, Cortina de la Calle MP, et al. Post-transfusion graft versus host disease in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. Med Clin (Barc). 1989;92:503–506
  70. Akahoshi M, Takanashi M, Masuda M, et al. A case of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease not prevented by white cell-reduction filters. Transfusion. 1992;32:169–172
  71. Garcia Gala JM, Ramirez Payer A, Rayon C, et al. Chronic posttransfusion graft-vs-host disease in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Sangre (Barc). 1993;38:489–491
  72. Gossi U, Bucher U, Brun del Re G, et al. Acute graft-versus-host disease following a single transfusion of erythrocytes. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1985;115:34–40
  73. Hull RJ, Bray RA, Hillyer C, et al. Transfusion-associated chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995;33:327–332
  74. Munro LR, Culligan DJ, Grant A, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Vox Sang. 2002;83:279–281
  75. Appleton AL, Sviland L, Pearson AD, et al. Diagnostic features of transfusion associated graft versus host disease. J Clin Pathol. 1994;47:541–546
  76. Mutasim DF, Badr K, Saab G, et al. Graft-versus-host disease in a patient with acute lymphoblastic lymphoma. Cutis. 1984;33:206–210
  77. Saab GA, Kurban AK, Mutasim DF. Graft-versus-host disease in lymphoblastic lymphoma following blood transfusions. Middle East J Anesthesiol. 1983;7:221–225
  78. Gelly KJ, Kerr R, Rawlinson S, et al. Transfusion-associated graft vs. host disease in a patient with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. Should cellular products for patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma be irradiated?. Br J Haematol. 2000;110:228–229
  79. Cheson BD. Infectious and immunosuppressive complications of purine analog therapy. J Clin Oncol. 1995;13:2431–2448
  80. Briz M, Cabrera R, Sanjuan I, et al. Diagnosis of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by polymerase chain reaction in fludarabine-treated B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1995;91:409–411
  81. Deane M, Gor D, Macmahon ME, et al. Quantification of CMV viraemia in a case of transfusion-related graft-versus-host disease associated with purine analogue treatment. Br J Haematol. 1997;99:162–164
  82. Hutchinson K, Kopko PM, Muto KN, et al. Early diagnosis and successful treatment of a patient with transfusion-associated GvHD with autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation. Transfusion. 2002;42:1567–2572
  83. Maung ZT, Wood AC, Jackson GH, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease in fludarabine-treated B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 1994;88:649–652
  84. Arico M, Noto G, Pravata G, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease–report of two further cases with an immunohistochemical analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1994;19:36–42
  85. Leitman SF, Tisdale JF, Bolan CD, et al. Transfusion-associated GvHD after fludarabine therapy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Transfusion. 2003;43:1667–1671
  86. Strauss RG. Data-driven blood banking practices for neonatal RBC transfusions. Transfusion. 2000;40:1528–1540
  87. Klein C, Fraitag S, Foulon E, et al. Moderate and transient transfusion-associated cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in a child infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med. 1996;101:445–446
  88. Mayer K. Transfusion of the patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1990;114:295–297
  89. Popovsky MA, Benson K, Glassman AB, et al. Transfusion practices in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Transfusion. 1995;35:612–616
  90. Berkel AI, Tinaztepe K. Graft-versus-host reaction manifested as toxic epidermal necrolysis in a patient with acute leukemia. Turk J Pediatr. 1981;23:37–41
  91. Cohen D, Weinstein H, Mihm M, et al. Nonfatal graft-versus-host disease occurring after transfusion with leukocytes and platelets obtained from normal donors. Blood. 1979;53:1053–1057
  92. Gartner JG. Thymic involution with loss of Hassall's corpuscles mimicking thymic dysplasia in a child with transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Pediatr Pathol. 1991;11:449–456
  93. Lowenthal RM, Challis DR, Griffiths AE, et al: Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease: Report of an occurrence following the administration of irradiated blood. Transfusion 33:524-529
  94. Nikoskelainen J, Soderstrom KO, Rajamaki A, et al. Graft-versus-host reaction in 3 adult leukaemia patients after transfusion of blood cell products. Scand J Haematol. 1983;31:403–409
  95. Hayakawa S, Chishima F, Sakata H, et al. A rapid molecular diagnosis of posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease by polymerase chain reaction. Transfusion. 1993;33:413–417
  96. Ito K, Fujita M, Norioka M, et al. Postoperative erythroderma with change of HLA phenotypes from heterozygotes to homozygotes: a report of two cases. Eur J Haematol. 1991;46:217–222
  97. Kumamoto H, Abe K, Sawai T, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of DNA microsatellites: An autopsy case with immunohistochemical investigation. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1996;179:281–289
  98. Kosuga K, Ohgami N, Okuda K, et al. Transfusion-associated graft versus host disease following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma-a case report. Kurume Med J. 1993;40:193–199
  99. Mineta H, Sakai T, Suzuki I, et al. A case of transfusion-associated GvHD after total laryngectomy. Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho. 1992;95:891–897
  100. Ryo R, Saigo K, Hashimoto M, et al. Treatment of post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease with nafmostat mesilate, a serine protease inhibitor. Vox Sang. 1999;76:241–246
  101. Ryo R, Goto M, Takada M, et al. Diagnosis of post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease after formalin-fixation. Int J Hematol. 1994;59:297–302
  102. Sakai H, Miyakawa H, Daiguji Y, et al. Hepatic involvement in graft-versus-host disease associated with blood transfusion. Jpn J Med. 1990;29:633–636
  103. Saito M, Takamatsu H, Nakao S, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease after surgery for bladder cancer. Blood. 1993;82:326–327
  104. Soeda K, Onoda S, Kozu T, et al. A case of fatal graft-versus-host disease following blood transfusion in esophageal cancer documented by homozygous changes of HLA typing. Nippon Geka Gakkai Zasshi. 1990;91:1040–1043
  105. Labotka RJ, Radvany R. Graft-versus-host disease in rhabdomyosarcoma following transfusion with nonirradiated blood products. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1985;13:101–104
  106. Utkan G, Buyukcelik A, Demir O, et al. Post-transfusion acute graft versus host disease in a 17-year-old girl with a malignant mesenchymal tumor-report of a case. Acta Med Austriaca. 2003;30:138–141
  107. Woods WG, Lubin BH. Fatal graft versus host disease following a blood transfusion in a child with neuroblastoma. Pediatrics. 1981;67:217–221
  108. Kennedy JS, Ricketts RR. Fatal graft v host disease in a child with neuroblastoma following a blood transfusion. J Pediatr Surg. 1986;21:1108–1109
  109. Andersen CB, Ladefoged SD, Taaning E. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-graft and potential graft-versus-host disease in a renal allotransplanted patient. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:831–834
  110. Sola MA, Espana A, Redondo P, et al. Transfusion-associated acute graft-versus-host disease in a heart transplant recipient. Br J Dermatol. 1995;132:626–630
  111. Wisecarver JL, Cattral MS, Langnas AN, et al. Transfusion-induced graft-versus-host disease after liver transplantation. Documentation using polymerase chain reaction with HLA-DR sequence-specific primers. Transplantation. 1994;58:269–271
  112. Triulzi DJ, Nalesnik MA. Microchimerism, GvHD, and tolerance in solid organ transplantation. Transfusion. 2001;41:419–426
  113. Sale GE, Lerner KG, Barker EA, et al. The skin biopsy in the diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease in man. Am J Pathol. 1977;89:621–635
  114. Sage D, Stanworth S, Turner D, et al. Diagnosis of transfusion-associated graft-vs.-host disease: The importance of short tandem repeat analysis. Transfus Med. 2005;15:481–485
  115. Uchida S, Wang L, Yahagi Y, et al. Utility of fingernail DNA for evaluation of chimerism after bone marrow transplantation and for diagnostic testing for transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 1996;87:4015–4016
  116. DePalma L, Bahrami KR, Kapur S, et al. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis in the evaluation of posttransfusion graft-versus-host disease in a child undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;108:182–184
  117. Wang L, Juji T, Tokunaga K, et al. Brief report: Polymorphic microsatellite markers for the diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 1994;330:398–401
  118. Warren LJ, Simmer K, Roxby D, et al. DNA polymorphism analysis in transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. J Paediatr Child Health. 1999;35:98–101
  119. Otsuka S, Kimura A, Date Y, et al. Fatal transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Transfusion. 1994;34:936–937
  120. Yasukawa M, Shinozaki F, Hato T, et al. Successful treatment of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Br J Haematol. 1994;86:831–836
  121. Mori S, Matsushita H, Ozaki K, et al. Spontaneous resolution of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Transfusion. 1995;35:431–435
  122. Pelszynski MM, Moroff G, Luban NL, et al. Effect of gamma irradiation of red blood cell units on T-cell inactivation as assessed by limiting dilution analysis: Implications for preventing transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Blood. 1994;83:1683–1689
  123. Drobyski W, Thibodeau S, Truitt RL, et al. Third-party-mediated graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease after T-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation, as demonstrated by hypervariable DNA probes and HLA-DR polymorphism. Blood. 1989;74:2285–2294
  124. Webb DK. Preventative policies in transfusion associated graft versus host disease in the treatment of cancer. Arch Dis Child. 1994;71:532–533
  125. Button LN, DeWolf WC, Newburger PE, et al. The effects of irradiation on blood components. Transfusion. 1981;21:419–426
  126. Ramirez AM, Woodfield DG, Scott R, et al. High potassium levels in stored irradiated blood. Transfusion. 1987;27:444–445
  127. Moroff G, Holme S, AuBuchon JP, et al. Viability and in vitro properties of AS-1 red cells after gamma irradiation. Transfusion. 1999;39:128–134
  128. Read EJ, Kodis C, Carter CS, et al. Viability of platelets following storage in the irradiated state. A pair-controlled study. Transfusion. 1988;28:446–450
  129. Duguid JKM, Carr R, Jenkins JA. Clinical evaluation of the effects of storage time and irradiation on transfused platelets. Vox Sang. 1991;60:151–154
  130. Sprent J, Anderson RE, Miller JFAP. Radiosensitivity of T and B lymphocytes. II. Effect of irradiation on response of T cells to alloantigens. European Journal of Immunology. 1974;4:204–210
  131. Bowden RA, Slichter SJ, Sayers M, et al. A comparison of filtered leukocyte-reduced and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seronegative blood products for the prevention of transfusion-associated CMV infection after marrow transplant. Blood. 1995;86:3598–3603
  132. Rebulla P, Bertolini F, Parravicini A, et al. Leukocyte-poor blood components: a purer and safer transfusion product for recipients?. Transfus Med Rev. 1990;4:19–23
  133. Snyder EL, Bookbinder M. Role of microaggregate blood filtration in clinical medicine. Transfusion. 1983;23:460–470
  134. Callaerts AJ, Gielis ML, Sprengers ED, et al. The mechanism of white cell reduction by synthetic fiber cell filters. Transfusion. 1993;33:134–138
  135. Stainsby D, Jones H, Asher D, et al. Serious hazards of transfusion: A decade of hemovigilance in the UK. Transfus Med Rev. 2006;20:273–282
  136. Hayashi H, Nishiuchi T, Tamura H, et al. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease caused by leukocyte-filtered stored blood. Anesthesiology. 1993;79:1419–1421
  137. Grass JA, Wafa T, Reames A, et al. Prevention of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease by photochemical treatment. Blood. 1999;93:3140–3147

PII: S0887-7963(08)00076-X

doi: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2008.09.006

Transfusion Medicine Reviews
Volume 23, Issue 1 , Pages 62-71 , January 2009

Article Tools